Falconer’s Distance Conjecture: 40 Years of Improvements

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, November 3rd, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Ethan John Ebbighausen

Abstract: In 1985, Kenneth Falconer introduced a continuous version of the Erdos Distance Problem that would later drive developments in many aspects of fractal geometry and restriction theory. In this survey talk, we approach several key techniques and turning points that took this problem from simple estimates to the bastion OpenAI recently claimed to solve.

Trilinear estimates for quadratic dispersive equations

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, October 27th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Vitor Borges

Abstract:A central problem in nonlinear dispersive equations is to understand when the spreading of waves controls the cumulative effect of nonlinear interactions. I will describe the progression from linear and bilinear methods to trilinear restriction estimates, which exploit additional geometric information about three interacting waves. As an application, I will present global well-posedness and scattering for a class of three-dimensional quadratic Schrödinger equations with small initial data in the scaling-critical space. This is based on joint work with Ioan Bejenaru and Tiklung Chan.

Initial Data Gluing for Asymptotically Hyperbolic Spacetimes

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, October 20th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Aren Martinian

Abstract: Gluing techniques in general relativity are incredibly versatile, for example in combining multiple gravitational systems together or improving understanding of black hole initial data. Such gluing constructions have been done in a wide variety of settings, including those of constant nonzero curvature. In this talk, we give a new proof of Corvino-Schoen type gluing, also known as gluing up to linear obstructions, for asymptotically hyperbolic spacetimes satisfying improved quantitative smallness conditions in arbitrary dimension over the existing work of Chruściel and Delay, also generalizing this work to the non-time-symmetric case k ≠ 0. In particular, we describe three Bogovskii solution operators, inspired by the framework of Mao-Oh-Tao, with each providing a distinct and important role in the construction.

Many-body physics via second quantisation

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, September 29th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Maciej Zworski

Abstract: The purpose of the talk is to provide an introduction to basic aspects of second quantisation and its relevance to many body physics. It will be done from a perspective of a non-expert with the principal source being the appendix by Kevin Stubbs to the Lecture Notes with Zhongkai Tao https://math.berkeley.edu/~zworski/Notes_279.pdf. I will introduce quantum many body Hamiltonians, switching then to an abstract formulation using the fermionic Fock spaces, and eventually writing those Hamiltonians in that language.  That will lead to the formulation of the Hartree–Fock minimisation problem.  Creation and annihilation operators will play a central role and I will explain how, in some settings relevant to condensed matter physics, they can be operator valued distributions. The talk provides some (optional) background for a Wednesday talk in the Spectral Theory Seminar.

Self-gravitating charged scalar fields and the extremal black hole threshold

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, September 22nd, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Ryan Unger

Abstract: Extremal black holes are special solutions of Einstein’s equations with maximal spin or charge for their mass. In this talk, I will describe a series of conjectures explaining the role of extremal black holes in gravitational collapse. I will focus on upcoming progress on these conjectures in the context of the spherically symmetric Einstein—Maxwell-charged scalar field model. This is joint work with Yannis Angelopoulos (University of Crete) and Christoph Kehle (University of Zürich).

A conditional Lagrangian clock barrier at the $C^{1,\frac{1}{3}}$ threshold for axisymmetric Euler without swirl

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, September 15th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Ovidiu Avadanei

Abstract: We consider axisymmetric no-swirl solutions to the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations, with initial velocity in $C^{1,\alpha}\cap L^2$, where $\alpha\in\left[\frac{1}{3},1\right)$. In a major breakthrough, Shkoller introduced a clock-and-driver framework that he used in order to prove finite-time type I blow-up below the $C^{1,\frac{1}{3}}$ threshold. Motivated by this, we define Lagrangian classes of coherent initial data and conditional solutions for which the same mechanism yields a supercritical-critical barrier to blow-up when $\alpha\geq\frac{1}{3}$. When $\alpha>\frac{1}{3}$, the aforementioned barrier is genuinely depleted, whereas at the critical endpoint $\alpha=\frac{1}{3}$, we obtain an exponential bound preventing blow-up. In the general case, we formulate a matrix-clock criterion in terms of the smallest singular value of the deformation gradient and show that, under cusp-tail, Dini coherence, near-field compatibility, and bounded transverse-distortion hypotheses, this singular value cannot collapse in finite time. In the on-axis case, the criterion reduces to the scalar clock inequality $\displaystyle \dot{J}(t)\gtrsim -B(t)J(t)-CJ(t)^{3\alpha}$, which rules out Shkoller-type clock collapse for $\alpha\geq\frac{1}{3}$. These results do not enlarge the known Lorentz-space global regularity classes. Rather, they in particular identify the supercritical Lagrangian obstruction dual to Shkoller’s subcritical blow-up mechanism in the case $\alpha>\frac{1}{3}$.

This talk is an extended version of yesterday’s Analysis and PDE Seminar, in the sense that it will contain additional details.

Derivations of wave kinetic equations in 1D

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, September 8th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Katja Vassilev

Abstract: Wave kinetic equations give an effective description of dispersive systems. In this talk, we look at various 1D dispersive systems and show how a diagrammatic expansion of the solution to the dispersive system gives a framework for these derivations. In particular, we discuss the features of these dispersive systems which restrict the timescale to which these derivations can currently be done. Such features include the dimension of the system, resonances in the nonlinearity, and lack of invariances.

Applications of decoupling inequality in Vinogradov problems and discrete Strichartz estimates

The HADES seminar on Wednesday, May 6th, will be at 3:30pm in Room 736.

Speaker: Yuda Chen

Abstract: The decoupling inequality, introduced by Bourgain and Demeter in their celebrated proof of the ℓ² decoupling theorem for the paraboloid, has become a fundamental tool in modern harmonic analysis.

This talk will survey its key applications. We first discuss its pivotal role in the Vinogradov Mean Value Theorem. We then focus on more recent applications to proving discrete Strichartz estimates. Finally, we conclude by proposing several conjectures concerning potential extensions of these estimates.

Accelerated Shock Formation for the Energy-Critical Euler-Poisson System

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, April 28st, will be at 3:30pm in Room 740.

Speaker: Ely Sandine

Abstract: The Euler-Poisson system of partial differential equations describes the dynamics of a self-gravitating gas. For the energy-critical polytropic pressure law, there is an explicit steady-state solution describing an isolated star. I will discuss recent work which describes the nonlinear phase space around this solution and proves existence of a new instability mechanism: accelerated shock formation. This talk is based on forthcoming work done in collaboration with Mahir Hadžić, Juhi Jang and Sung-Jin Oh.

Unique maximal globally hyperbolic developments for the 3D compressible Euler equations in spherical symmetry

The HADES seminar on Tuesday, April 21st, will be at 3:30pm in Room 740.

Speaker: Dongxiao Yu

Abstract: We study the 3D non-relativistic compressible Euler equations. We assume that the flow is irrotational and isentropic. We treat all equations of state except that of the Chaplygin gas, for which shocks are not expected to form. For an open set of initial data with tails at infinity, we provide a complete and precise description of the maximal globally hyperbolic development (MGHD). The boundary of this MGHD consists of an initial singularity known as the crease, a singular boundary where gradient blow-up occurs, and a Cauchy horizon emanating from the crease. The analysis involves delicate competition between dispersion and resonant nonlinear terms. Moreover, we prove that this MGHD is unique by applying a uniqueness theorem of Eperon-Reall-Sbierski. This is joint work with Leonardo Abbrescia and Jared Speck.